CALIMA AND ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON HEALTH

Storm Celia is responsible for the intense calima (Saharan dust) event affecting much of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, where a significant Saharan dust intrusion has turned the sky orange and covered cities and countryside with a layer of dust.

This phenomenon has also caused air quality conditions to become extremely poor in many parts of the country. Experts warn that this episode may have adverse effects on people's health.

WHY IS THIS CALIMA MORE INTENSE THAN USUAL?

The fact that the suspended dust has travelled through lower layers of the atmosphere than usual, below four kilometres in altitude, has contributed to the greater intensity of this calima event. In addition, the concentration of airborne particles has been exceptionally high, causing large amounts of dust to settle across the Iberian Peninsula.

HOW DOES CALIMA AFFECT AIR QUALITY?

The intrusion of Saharan dust significantly worsens air quality. Dr. Maria Neira, Director of the Department of Public Health and Environment at the World Health Organization (WHO), explains that "these are short-lived but very intense episodes."

CALIMA: HARMFUL EFFECTS ON HEALTH

The health effects depend on the concentration of dust particles in the air. People with respiratory conditions such as COPD, asthma, or allergies are advised to minimise their exposure to these particles for as long as the calima persists.

People with respiratory illnesses, children, and older adults are particularly vulnerable to this type of air pollution.

• Children: Their respiratory systems are not yet fully developed.

• Older adults: They often have weakened immune systems and other underlying health conditions that may worsen during these episodes.

For this reason, special attention should be given to these higher-risk groups to help protect them from the effects of calima and prevent potential complications.

RECOMMENDATIONS DURING CALIMA

Self-protection is the best way to minimise the health effects caused by the presence of harmful airborne particles. Here are some recommendations:

• Stay indoors as much as possible.

• Keep doors and windows closed.

• Closely monitor people with respiratory conditions.

• Avoid outdoor sports and physical activity.

• Stay well hydrated at all times.

• Drive more slowly and with extra caution.

• Wear a face mask when going outdoors.

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF CALIMA

Calima also provides several environmental benefits. Saharan dust contains nutrients such as phosphorus and iron, and its dispersion has positive effects on soil fertilisation.

It also benefits marine ecosystems, as the dust promotes the growth of plankton, enriching ocean waters. In addition, plankton acts as a carbon sink by capturing carbon dioxide, preventing part of it from remaining in the atmosphere and contributing to global warming.